Tunisia's new leader Beji Caid Essebsi said the country has turned the page on dictatorship after a presidential vote that European observers hailed on Tuesday as "credible and transparent".
But outgoing president Moncef Marzouki, who lost the election, said he was creating a new movement to prevent the North African nation sliding back into authoritarian rule after the victory by the veteran politician.
Essebsi, an 88-year-old who served under previous Tunisian regimes, was on Monday declared the winner of a vote seen as a landmark for the birthplace of the Arab Spring.
His election rounded off Tunisia's transition to democracy and has won praise from Western leaders including US President Barack Obama.
European Union observers reported on Tuesday that Tunisians had voted "for the first time in a credible and transparent presidential election".
The head of the EU mission, Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck, said however that "private television channels had clearly favoured the candidate Essebsi".
That was in line with complaints from Marzouki during an often bitter and divisive campaign that has raised concerns that Essebsi's victory marks the return of Tunisia's old guard.
But Essebsi, an anti-Islamist lawyer, insisted Tunisia would not turn back history.
- Call for calm -
View galleryAnti-Islamist Beji Caid Essebsi, named as the winner …
Anti-Islamist Beji Caid Essebsi, named as the winner in Tunisia's first free presidential electi …
"I am for completely turning the page on the past, we must go beyond the past and look to the future," he said in a nationally televised interview late on Monday.
Marzouki, a long-exiled 69-year-old former rights activist, has conceded defeat and called for calm after hundreds of his supporters clashed with police on Sunday and Monday.
On national television late Monday, Marzouki urged supporters to respect the result and return to their homes "in the name of national unity".
"These are the rules of the democratic process," he said.
However, on Tuesday he implied that Tunisia could yet see the return of dictatorship.
"I announce here the launch of the citizens' movement," he told a crowd of supporters from the balcony of his campaign headquarters.
He called on "democrats" to unite to "prevent the return of dictatorship" four years after the revolution of January 2011.
"We are again at a crossroads," Marzouki said.
View galleryA young supporter of newly-elected President Beji Caid …
A young supporter of newly-elected President Beji Caid Essebsi celebrates his victory on December 22 …
"This movement aims to prevent the return of dictatorship, because unfortunately there are some extremists among these people who seek a return to the past, and this is a danger for Tunisia.
"Dirty money and biased media cannot change the course of history," he said.
Essebsi is now expected to begin forming a government, after his Nidaa Tounes party won parliamentary polls in October.
The moderately Islamist Ennahda party, which was in power after the revolution and installed Marzouki as president, came second in the general election and has not ruled out joining in a governing coalition.
The presidential vote -- the first time Tunisians have freely elected their head of state since independence in 1956 -- was seen as a milestone for the country that sparked the Arab Spring with the 2011 ouster of longtime strongman Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.
The revolution that began in Tunisia spread to many parts of the Arab world, with mass protests in Egypt, Libya, Syria and Yemen.
In every country except Tunisia the revolution was followed by violent turmoil or, as in Syria's case, a devastating civil war.
Obama hailed the election as "a vital step toward the completion of Tunisia's momentous transition to democracy".
President Francois Hollande of France, Tunisia's former colonial ruler, praised Tunisians for their "determination, sense of responsibility and spirit of compromise".
The next government will face major challenges.
Tunisia's economy is struggling to recover from the upheaval of the revolution and there are fears that widespread joblessness will cause social unrest.
A nascent jihadist threat has also emerged, with militant groups long suppressed under Ben Ali carrying out attacks including the killings of two anti-Islamist politicians.
Tunisian newspapers also underlined the difficulties ahead, with daily La Presse saying the new leader must deal with "a massive debt, weak growth, high unemployment, deteriorating competitiveness and highly threatened security".
Le Temps hailed Tunisia for emerging "victorious from a gruelling and painful ordeal", adding that voters had not given Essebsi a "blank cheque" to do as he pleases.
-AFP
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